Space telegraphy.



No. 802,432., PATENTED OCT. 24, 1905. J. S. STONE.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED DEG.16,1904. RBNEWED JULY 8,1905.

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UNITED STit'lllItS PATIENT UFFICI? JOHN STONE STONE, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAIVI WT. SWAN, TRUSTEE, OF BOSTON. MASSACIIUSEITSt SPACE TELEGRAPl-IY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 24, 1905 Application filed December 16,1904. Renewed July 8, 19051 Serial No. 268,863.

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Be it known that I, JOHN STONE S'rONn, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Iambridge, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Space llelegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the art of transmitting intelligence from one staticn to another by means of electromagnetic waves without the use of wires to guide the waves to their destination; and it relates more particularly to the system of such transmission in which the electromagneticwaves are developed by producing electric vibrations or oscillations in an elevated conductor, preferably vertically elevated.

The object of the present invention is to increase the amplitude and the persistency of the electrical oscillations developed by suddenly disturbing the electrical equilibrium of a sonorous circuit of the kind described in my Letters Patent Nos. 714,756 and 714,831, dated Dec. 2, 1902.

The invention may best be understood by having' reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification, and which illustrate diagrammatically two simple arrangements of apparatus and circuits embodyingI my invention.

In the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate in diagram two forms of space telegraph transmitting systems embodying' the present in vention.

In these figures,

A is an alternating current generator;

z is a key;

M, IVI are transformers, preferably step-up transformers;

L, Il are the primary windings of said transformers;

I2, I2 are the secondary windings of said transformers;

is a spark-gap;

C', O1, C2, O3 are condensers;

L', L1, L2, L3 are inductance coils;

V is an elevated conductor; and

E is an earth connection.

Reference may be had to my hereinbefore mentioned Letters Patent for a more detailed description of the apparatus and circuit ar-J rangements, as Well for the construction of parts and the operation thereof, than is neci l l i l forth the relations of their electromagneticconstants.

In Fig. 7 of my Patent No. 714,756, I have shown a sonorous circuit s O Ii L adapted t0 develop simple harmonic electrical oscillations of definite frequency. Interposed between said sonorous circuit and the elevated conductor, and inductively related to each, I have shown a resonant circuit C Ii L I attuned to said definite frequency. This resonant circuit `has a dissipative resistance much lower than that of the sonorous circuit because it does not contain a spark-gap and therefore it is a much more persistent oscillator than said sonorous circuit.

One result of interposing the said resonant circuit between the sonorous circuit and the elevated conductor is that the oscillations in the resonant circuit persist long after the sonorous circuit ceases to vibrate and that, therefore, the oscillations conveyed tothe elevated conductor persist long after the sonorous circuit ceases to vibrate.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings of the present ap plication, the circuit .s C C2 L is a sonorous circuit corresponding to the aforesaid sonorous circuit of Patent No. 714,756, and the circuit O2 Li L C3 is a resonant circuit, attuned to the frequency of the oscillations developed by the sonorous circuit with which it is conductively connected by means of the condenser O2 of capacity great as compared with the capacity of the condenser Cf; of the resonant circuit.

In Fig. 2, the sonorous circuit is the circuit s C L2 L and the circuit L2 O1 I1 L3 is a resonant circuit, attuned to the frequency of the oscillations developed by the sonorous circuit with which it is conductively connected by means of the inductance coil L2 of inductance small as compared with the inductance of the coil L3 of the resonant circuit.

However, in order that the resonant circuits may each be attuned to its respective sonorous circuit, it is necessary that each system shall be the equivalent of a system of a single degree of freedom.

In order that the individual circuits of each complex of conductively connected circuits may vibrate as circuits having a single degree IOO of freedom, it is necessary that the inutualenergy of each circuit with all of the interrelated circuits of the system shall be sinall compared with the self-energy of said circuit, aslhave pointed ontin my PatentNo. 714,756; and this, in the case of conductively connected circuits, l effect by making the capacity of the condenser (je r`great compared to the ca- 1 Us and Le @i li La large con'ipared to the mutual energy between sa'l circuits and their respective elevated conductor systems VL; E, by means of an laii1\'illiai'y induc ance ln or Li, as set forth in my Letters llatent hereinlnefore referred to; or by so spatially relatingl the windings of the transformer irl as to malte the mutual inductance between the circuits small as compared to the square root of the product of the self-iinluctances of the two'circuits; the natural period of each circuit of the complex of cond uctively connected circuits is not materiallyaifected by the association therewith of the elevated conductor system. rlhe elevated conductor system, under these conditions, may be attuned as to its fundamental in the manner hereinafter pointed out, to the frequency of the electrical oscillations developed in the resonant circuit, which frequency is the same as thatot theelectricL l oscillations developed in the sonorons circuit. Under yinch conditions the oscillations developed in the cle Vated conductor are simple harmonic oscillations and they are termed forced oscillations because their frequency is practically indei the oscillations developed in the coiiductively connectedcircuits (lla li d; and LftiliLa are simple harmonic oscillations, and they also are forced oscillations i because their frequency is independent of the constants of each said circuit and is determined practically only by the constants ot' the sonorons circuit. Just as the amplitude of the forced simple harmonic oscillations developed in the conductively connected circuits is greatly increased by giving the conductirely connected circuits a natural period equal to that of the oscillations developed in the sonorous circuits', so the amplitude of the forced simple harmonic oscillations developed in the elevated conductor system may be greatly increased by giving the elevated conductor system a natuscenes ral fundamental period of vibration equal to the period of the oscillations developed in the sonorous circuit. This maybe accomplished by varying' the inducta'ince of the secondary winding le of the transformer M or by means of the combinations of coils and condensers described in my Patent No. YSLQH; butitis preferred to give the elevated conductor system a definite fundamental period of vibration and then attune the sonorous circuit and the conductively-connected resonant circuit to said fundamental period, or to some harmonic or odd submnltiple of such fundamental period, and for this purpose the electromagnetic constants of the sonorous and resonant circuits may be raried, as more fully set forth in my Letters Patent No. TGT,98.

l claimw l. ln a system of space telee'raphy, a sono rousl circuit adapted to develop electrical oscillations of definite fretpiency, a resonant circuit attuncd to said fretpiency and conductively connected to said sonorous circuit. an elevated conductor system associated with said resonant circuit, and means for causing each ot' the circuits to vibrate as circuits of a single degree of freedom.

2. in a sys'em of space telegrapiiy, a sonorous circuit adapted to develop electrical oscillations of delinite frequency, a resonant circuit attuned to said frergneiicy and conductirely connected to the terminals of a coil included in said sonorous circuit, a coil included in said resonant circuit of inductance great as compared with the inductanee of the iirst mentioned coil, and an elevated conductor system associated with said resonant circuit.

ln a system of space telegraphy, asonorous circuit adapted to develop electrical oscillations of delinite frequency, al resonant circuit attuned to said delinite frequency and IOO IIO

system associated with said resonant circuit.

ln testimony whereof i have hereunto sub- Bnlirnnnn T. JUDiiiNs, ADnLAiDn l-lieoins. 

